Why it matters: This makes larger open MoE models testable on laptops, phones, and modest GPUs instead of assuming server-class memory; it also clarifies when SSD offload is practical.
How to apply: Try llama-modchip or the related llama.cpp placement tooling on a small MoE first, watch expert-cache hit rates and NVMe read latency, and keep frequently routed experts in RAM/VRAM.